Sap Modules Interview Questions and Answers

What is the difference between updated project and end to end project. explain
Answer1:
Some organisations select to implement SAP module by module, thus gets updated as per their convenience / schedule. This is called as updated project.

Some organisations simply plan all integrated functional modules and decide to go-live with all functional modules and take their entire operations on SAP. This is called as End to End SAP implementation project.

Answer2:
Upgrade Project is a project where in SAP is already in place and it is the version upgrade from a lower end to a higher version.

End to End project is a project where SAP is implemented for the first time.

What is Ranking order in automatic payment program ?
Its the priority assigned to each house bank which helps Automatic Payment program choose the house bank for payment in case there are more than one bank satisfying the payment program.

If a payment program ends up selecting more than one(say 4) bank for payment, the ranking of the banks helps it select one bank from the list of (say 4) selected banks.

What is SAP APO?
Answer1:
SAP APO stands for Advanced Planner and Optimizer, which is one area of SCM and application component of MySAP product. Its is designed to provide solutions for companies in Demand planning, network design, supply network planning, production planning and global available to promise, transportation and scheduling.

Answer2:
Prior to SCM4.0 (-APO3.1) APO was a system, now from SCM4.0 APO is a function of SCM not a system as SCM now includes ECH and CM

What are the support tickets given in SAP fico module? please give some examples.
Support tickets are basically the problems that arise in day to day usage of SAP.
So any sap fico consultant who is resolving the day to day production issues is actually supporting the tickets.

How is bank reconciliation handled in SAP?
The following are the steps for BRS:
1. Create Bank Master Data - This can be created through T.Code FI01 or you can also create the house bank through IMG/FA/Bank accounting/Bank account
2. Define House Bank
3. Set up Bank selection payment programe- IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/AUTOIP/PM/Bank selection for payment prg.
a. setup all co codes for payment transaction - Customer and vendors
b.setup paying co codes for payment transactions
c.setup payment method per country
d.setup payment method per co code for payment transaction
e.setup bank determination for payment transaction

Please go for Cheque mangement using T code FCHI (IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/OP/AutoOp/PaymentMedia/CheckManagement) and for void reasons FCHV. You can create Bank Reconcilliation statement by TC FF67 (SAP/AC/Treasury/CashManagement/Incomings/ManualBankStatement) . Don't forget to keep the opening Balance as zero. Use FBEA for post process.

All the steps together will lead to (FF67) Bank reconciliation statement.

How do you configure electronic bank statement?

Answer1:
Following is the sequence of configuration to be done for Electronis Bank Statment(EBS):
1. create Tranaction types( which helps you group all the house baks with same External transaction code).
2. assign them to house banks.
3 create and define posting rule keys .
4 assign them to external transaction codes.
external transaction codes are bank specific codes for buisness tranactions( which it issues in each EBS) each one for each type of payment. eg. transfer order, foreign transfer,bill of exchange etc.
5 define posting specification for G/L posting as well as subledger posting
6. define account symbols(which determines the G/L account to be posted to) and assign them to posting keys.

Answer2:
1. Create account symbols
2. Create gl accounts ans assign t account symbols
3. Create posting keys:
4. Posting rules
5. Assing external transactions 

How do you configure manual bank statement?

configuration is required during electronic bank statment not in mannual bank stament.
In mannual bank statment you just have to enter the data on screen and save it.

What is dunning?
Dunning is actually the process by which you “bill” or “invoice” a customer for past due items.
With regards bad Checks for example dunning procedure could follow these steps:

• Step 1: Phone call to customer on receipt of bad check – at this stage, perform the journal posting outlined in section on Returned Checks
• Step 2: Letter to customer (+10 days)
• Step 3: Letter to CO (+7 days)
• Step 4: Legal letter to customer (? DD139) (+13 days)
• Step 5: Issue DD139 (+10 days)
• Step 6: Follow-up on DD139 (dispersing officer) (+45 days)
• Step 7: Write-off (after 6 months)
Steps 2-6 above will be handled by dunning levels in SAP.

Configuration before dunning can be carried out
1. Defining Dunning Area
2. Define Dunning Keys
3. Define Dunning Block Reasons
4. Dunning Procedure
• Define Dunning Procedure (T. Code – FBMP), To set up a Dunning Procedure, the following must be specified: number of Dunning Levels (1-9) Dunning Texts, Standard Text can also be included in the Dunning Texts. Dunning Procedure major parameters: Dunning Interval, Number of Dunning Levels, Grace Period
5. Assign Dunning Procedure to Customer / Vendors Accounts (T. Code – XD02)
6. Define Correspondence Types (T. Code – OB77)
7. Assign Company Codes to Correspondence company Codes
8. Assign Programs for Correspondence Types (OB78)
9. Dunning Run: Transaction Code: F150
Menu Path: accounting > financial accounting > accounts receivable > periodic processing > dunning.
Note: Whenever you schedule more than one dunning run a day, the "Identification" number must change. You may run several dunning runs on the same date but the "Identification" name must be different as well as certain parameters such as the “Dunning Date” and “Documents Posted up to” date.

What is the difference between profit center accounting and Profitability analysis ?
profit center accounting is basicaly done for internal controlling purposes. It lets you determine the profit and loss using the cost of sale approach or period accounting approach. Here you can find the profit from an "area of reponsibility or pserson" point of view.this is accound based costing

Whereas in Profitability analysis, market segments based on product , cutomer,order aor any comobination of these are studied to find wots the profit. PA provides information to the marketing,sales and planning department so that they can make decisions. PA has two forms account based and CO based.

both these are tools for profit management, and both are alternative. They are not same.

What are the manufacturing cost of a producting ?
Materail cost + Productions cost = Manufacturing cost

What is the difference between stock transfer between two plants belongs to same company code and to that of different company code?
In 1st case it is called as intra company stock transfer and the 2nd case is inter company stock transfer

Stock Transfer between plants of same company code only includes inventory movement without any pricing and so called Stock Transfer Order where Stock Transfer between plants of different company code is same as a purchase order as along with the inventory there is also accounts transfer (pricing) involved.

In real time, How listing and exclusion is used ?
Listing and exclusion is used in chemical and pharma industries for ex:-Particular customer is not having a valid license of selling some chemical/Medicines and he is ordering the same. in this case listing and exclusion is useful

What is the schema you use in Time Management?
Schema : TC00

What is the work relation between SAP-MM, SD and fi/co modules?
SAP is the integration of all the modules and the topics are very relavent to each other because basically its management skillsetgroup. From manufacturing the product/goods/services to reaching the customer. All the transaction process is depending on sales area, sales doc, item proposals, shipping, delivery and billing.

In SAP-HR, What is the landscape of your project?
Landscape in SAP consists the following: 1. IDES = Training Server
2. Development Server
* Configuration (200 client)
* Sandbox (210 client)
* Data Change (220 client)
3. Quality Server
* Standby (300 client)
* Testing (310 client)
4. Production Server
* Pre-Production (400 client)
* Real Production (500 client)

What is the role of abapers? What is the Work Bench?
Abaper is a application programmer who retrives the data from the database and show it to the end-user with the help of report..out of three layers of SAP the abaper position is on Application Layer in which SAP programs are develop and then transported to the Production server...

Workbench... The ABAP Workbench contains several tools that allow you to edit specific repository objects. like ABAP Editor , Menu PAinter etc...

How to integrate MM With Fico?
Answer1
By using transaction code OBYC we can get the details of MM, Fico integration.

Answer2
Go to IMG settings in Financial accounting and do the configuration for MM-FI settings

Answer3
Value from MM to FI is defined in OBYC…. on the material master the flow of values are assigned on the Costing, Accounting, etc tabs where the system helps to post the necessary stock values into the appropriate GL accounts. Helps to determine, the GL accounts updated when there is a movement of goods.

What is difference between business area or cost centre?

Business area is a place where the product or the produced components are valued in group or for the total transactions carried out, Right from procurement, production and sales of goods.

Wheras Cost centre is a particular area where the production or the project is taken up and expenditure is identified separately with a separate GL account

How to create Tax Calculation Procedure?
Answer1:
Tax calculation procedures based on the countries depended. one country is using deferent of tax procedures. We are creating new country also and at what type calculation procedures present is running on the country and it is assigned which country used.

Answer2:
Tax calculation procedures based on the country wise using . and which country is used at what percent and it is used on the country. We are creating new country also at what percent it is used and it is assigned to using of this country.

What is the difference between business area and profit center?
Answer1:
Business area is where the total business is valuated as a whole

Whereas Profit centre is an area where the company/work place allows the outside agency to use its machinery for external profits (eq: A CNC machine which can run 24 hrs a day is utilized in our company for 15 hrs and the balance 9 hrs is let out for addition to the company's profit) is known as Profit Centre.

Answer2:
Business area is related term to FI module and Profit centre is related to CO module. One business area can have one or more profit centers.

Answer3:
Business area is gared on external accounting where as profit centers are used for internal accounting purposes

What is Legaccy System Migration Workbench? How it can be carried out in SAP SD?
Answer1:
LSMW is widely used by EDI programmers. EDI Programmers connect the SAP system to Non SAP system. During this Data migration is a necessity. When data migrates from source to destination the destination code is differrent from the source code. So what LSMW does is
* Converts the data in to batch files
* Then converts the batch files in to source code batch files
* And then mirgates data. Standard Interfaces like BAPI or Idoc are used in this process.


Answer2:
LSMW is used for migrating data from a legacy system to SAP system, or from one SAP system to another.

Apart from standard batch/direct input and recordings, BAPI and IDocs are available as additional import methods for processing the legacy data.

The LSMW comprises the following main steps:
* Read data (legacy data in spreadsheet tables and/or sequential files).
* Convert data (from the source into the target format).
* Import data (to the database used by the R/3 application.

But, before these steps, you need to perform following steps :
* Define source structure : structure of data in the source file.
* Define target structure : structure of SAP that receives data.
* Field mapping: Mapping between the source and target structure with conversions, if any.
* Specify file: location of the source file

Of all the methods used for data migration like BDC, LSMW , Call Transaction which one is used most of the time? How is the decision made which method should be followed? What is the procedure followed for this analysis?
All the 3 methods are used to migrate data. Selection of these methods depends on the scenario, amount of data need to transfer. LSMW is a ready tool provided by SAP and you have to follow some 17 steps to migrate master data. While in BDCs Session method is the better choice because of some advantages over call transaction. But call transaction is also very useful to do immediate updation of small amout of data. (In call transaction developer has to handle errors).

Bottom line is make choice of these methods based of real time requirements.

These methods are chosen completely based on situation you are in. Direct input method is not available for all scenarios; else, they are the simplest ones. In batch input method, you need to do recording for the transaction concerned. Similarly, IDoc, and BAPI are there, and use of these need to be decided based on the requirement.

Try to go through the some material on these four methods, and implement them. You will then have a fair idea about when to use which.

What is the difference between the stock transfer between two plants belonging to same company code and those belonging to different company code?
Answer1:
A stock transfer from plant to plant generally takes place within a company code. It can, however, also take place between two company codes, if the plants are assigned to different valuation areas, which belong to different company codes.

Unlike a stock transfer from storage location to storage location, a stock transfer from plant to plant affects both accounting and Materials Planning, as follows:

* Accounting

Accounting is affected if both plants are assigned to different valuation areas. This means that a stock transfer leads not only to a quantity update but also to a value update (stock value, G/L accounts). Thus, parallel to the material document for stock transfer, an accounting document is created.

* Materials Planning

Materials Planning is affected because a change of plant stock is taken into account by Materials Planning.

Answer2:
The stock transfer from one plant to another belonging to same company code is same as that of belonging to different company code functionally.

In both the types of transfers, there will be a material document generated which will update the QTY in both the plants in the respective storage location.

Accounting document generation will depend on the valuation level of the material. If the materials are being valuated at company level and it is being transferred from one plant to another belonging to the same company code, no accounting entry is generated. However, if the valuation is being done at plant level, the accounting document will be generated in both the cases.

What are the fields in purchasing view?
- RFQ/Quotation
- Purchase requisition
- Purchase order
- Master data (Info record, Source list, Conditions, Vendors etc.)v - Outline agreements

How do you create movement types? What are the steps involved? When will you recommend a new movement type?
A movement type can be created using T code OMJJ. Copying an existing movement type and modifying the field contents can create a new movement type.

The SAP system is delivered with some pre-defined movement types from 100 to 899. 900 onwards can be used for customized movement types.

What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?
Condition type has an access sequence assigned to it which determines which tables to access for data and in what sequence. This has a sequence of table based on the most specific to most generic.
It can be used for any new condition type creation.

How does the PO pick up the pricing schema?
The pricing procedure assigned to a vendor has a calculation schema attached to it. This schema defines the various conditions’ pre-requisite, calculation & sequence in the PO. Generally, only one type of pricing procedure is followed for all the vendors.

What are the types of special stocks available?
- Consignment stock - vendor
- Components provided to vendor
- Project stock
- Consignment stock – customer
- Pipeline material
- Orders on hand

What are the types of inforecords?
- Standard
- Pipeline
- Consignment
- Subcontracting

What is meant by consignment stock?
Consignment stock is the material which is lying in the premises but is not owned by the company. It has no value assigned to it until it is taken into own stock. Once it is used in production or to be sold, it is taken into own stock.

What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
Consignment cycle is similar to a standard purchase cycle. The difference it that no accounting document is created at the time of goods receipts only QTY is updated.
It is settled once the same is utilized.

Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
When the material is sent for subcontracting i.e. some value addition, it is converted into a different material. It needs a BOM to define the components of the finished item being received.

How is scrap accounted in subcontracting?
The scrap or the process loss can be adjusted while doing a quality inspection of the material received after subcontracting.

How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
Byproducts can be taken care of by defining them in the BOM

Tell me about the various movement types and usage.
101 – GR in unrest. use
103 – GR in Blocked stock
105 – Release from Block to Unrest. use stock.
122 – Return to vendor from unrest. use stock.
124 – Return to vendor from blocked stock
301 - Plant to Plant tfr.
309 – Material to Material tfr.
311 – Tfr. from stg loc to stg loc
261 – Issue for consumption.
411 – Taking consignment stock into own stock.
551 – Withdrawal for scrapping.
Etc.

What is the difference between a contract and a scheduling agreement?
A scheduling agreement can be made for Consignment, Subcontracting and stock transfer. A contract, also known as a blanket PO, can be made for standard items and can be restricted to a Value or QTY.

How does the system calculate taxes?
Based on the calculation schema of that condition and based on access sequence assigned to it.

What are the cutover activities performed infinal preparartion phase ?
This activity involves- Master data upload for objects like customer masters including partner function assignment, customer material info, pricing, outputs and credit masters.

How to create a Purchase Order to a vendor who got best rating in Price comparision session (me49). I wish to create PO from this session directly, explain how can it be created?
Answer1:
Vendor rating has to be done for new purchase order everytime. PO can be generated by using transaction ME21N. This PO has to be released after creation

The other way is to assign that item to the vendor and maintain info records and update it by using ME11. This can also be done manualy.

Answer2:
This is not possible. Price comaprison session only gives you the idea which supplier has given the best price for a particular material.you have to raise the po ME21N transaction only.

Answer3:
The vendor who has got best price will have a unique quotation number. USe ME21N transaction and create PO with respect RFQ from Overview tab .

What is the complete flow of the profit center accounting,and Internal orders in controlling
Profit Centre Accounting:The following data can be passed on in Profit Center Accounting

* Costs (assessment and/or distribution)
* Revenue and sales deductions (assessment and/or distribution)
* Balance sheet items (distribution)

For this purpose, it is necessary to define cycles containing rules for finding sender-receiver relationships.

Related Activities in Controlling

* Definition of actual assessment cycles
* Definition of plan assessment cycles
* Definition of actual distribution cycles
* Definition of plan distribution cycles

Internal Orders
Internal orders are normally used to plan, collect, and settle the costs of internal jobs and tasks. The SAP system enables you to monitor your internal orders throughout their entire life-cycle; from initial creation, through the planning and posting of all the actual costs, to the final settlement and archiving:
Features
* You can use master data to assign certain characteristics to your internal orders, which enables you to control which business transactions can be used with the internal order.

* Internal order planning enables you to roughly estimate the costs of a job before the order starts and to make an exact calculation at a later date. You can choose between various planning approaches to compare the effectiveness of different methods. * You can assign and manage budgets for internal orders.

* You apply the actual costs incurred by a job to your internal orders using actual postings. In Financial Accounting, you can assign primary cost postings (such as the procurement of external activities and external deliveries) directly to internal orders.

* In period-end closing you can use various different allocation methods (for example, overhead costing) to allocate costs between different areas of Cost Accounting.
Order settlement enables you to transfer the costs incurred by an order to the appropriate receivers.

* The information system for internal orders enables you to track planned and assigned costs on your orders in each stage of the order life-cycle.

* You can archive internal orders that you no longer require.

What is the one full implementation of life cycle in SAP-BW ?
Full life cycle implementation means implementing the project start from requirement gathering, analysis, solution desion, mapping, implementing according to ASAP methodology.

How the Price determination process works in SAP-MM?
Price determination process:
Create a Price schema
Add a condition type if required
Asssign Access sequence to the condition type.
Create a condition table and specify flds required.
Create a cond. rec. The price schema for the particular mat. has a cond type. This pricing will trigger the Price determination process. Basically the access sequence assigned to the cond type will search the cond table to find the particular cond. rec. and determin the price.

What are the activities we will do in SAP MM module implementation?
Various activities in SAP MM are : Inventory, Warehouse, Purchasing, Vendor evolution, Invoice varification, etc.

Explain what are the steps in the SD process at least up to the invoicing stage
Answer1:
1) pre-sales activity -inquiry,quotation
2) sales-order,
3) inventory sourcing,
4) delivery,
5) pgi,
6) invoicing

Answet2:
SD Inquiry-- Quotation---Sales Order---Delivery---Transfer Order----Post Good Issue----Billing---Invoicing.

Condition technique

condition technique means, the combination of
- condition table
- access sequence
- conditon type
- procedure
- determination

What is the work you have done in the MM module and what programs did you use for creating views in MM?
In MM
1.Stock overview for a period can be done by Tcode-MB5B -further giving details like storage location,Plant,Material code,Date..
2.Stock as on date can be viewed by using Tcode-MMBE-further giving details like storage location,Plant,Material code.mail

How do you get the Sales Order (S.O) No. from the Delivery Order?
There are 2 ways through which you can see the reference of the documents.
1) Through Document Flow
2)Enter the delivery-> Go at the item level and select TAB PREDECESSOR DATA tab and you can see the reference order number.

What is an Open Item in SAP? How will you find an Open Item in SAP?
you can generate a list of open items from the information systems menu option:
* General Ledger: Information system ® General ledger reports ® Line items ® General ledger line items ® G/L line items, list for printing.
* Accounts Receivable: Information system
* ® Reports for accounts receivable ® Customer items ® List of customer open items for printing. Accounts Payable: Information system ® Reports for accounts payable ® Vendor items ® List of vendor open items for printing